Academic English

A proposed explanation made as a starting point for study

"The researcher tested her hypothesis with a series of experiments."

Based on observation or experience rather than theory

"The study provides empirical evidence for the theory."

A system of methods used in a particular area of study

"The methodology of the research was clearly explained."

A fact or situation that is observed to exist

"Global warming is a complex phenomenon."

To provide evidence to support or prove the truth of something

"You need data to substantiate your claims."

A typical example or pattern of something

"This discovery represents a paradigm shift in biology."